Epidemiology of A (H1N1) Pandemic 2009 Influenza Virus Infection in Erbil City/ Iraq

Halgurd Fatihulla Ahmed; Sherzad Ali Ismael; Abdullah Saeed Ibrahim

doi:10.56056/amj.2016.13

Authors

Halgurd Fatihulla Ahmed Lecturer, Internal Medicine, Kurdistan Board for medical specialties, Erbil, Iraq.
Sherzad Ali Ismael Ass. Professor, Community Medicine, Kurdistan Board for medical specialties, Erbil, Iraq.
Abdullah Saeed Ibrahim Lecturer, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56056/amj.2016.13

Keywords:

H1N1, Influenza, Epidemic, Erbil, Iraq

Abstract

Background and objectives: Influenza virus really became a challenge throughout the world. Erbil, the capital of Kurdistan, Iraq, is likely to face increasing challenges of preventing communicable diseases including influenza and outbreaks. This study aims to investigate the clinical profile & outcome of (H1N1) pandemic 2009 influenza virus infection referred influenza center in Hawler teaching hospital in Erbil city. Objectives of this study include: determining the frequency of positive cases of H1N1 among suspected cases, by demographic features, and finding out the outcome of positive cases of H1N1in terms of case fatality rate.

Methods: This is a case series study, carried out in Erbil city, using medical charts of 365 suspected a (H1N1) pandemic 2009 cases referred to influenza center in Hawler teaching hospital during pandemic 2009. Positive cases diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction. The Statistical Package of Social Science software, version 19.1was used for data entry and analysis; P-value ? 0.05 was regarded as statistically significance.

Results: The H1N1 positive cases are found during epidemic 2009; by viral culture, out of 365 suspected cases, only %12.6) 46) cases found to be positive and affected both sexes equally. Commonest symptoms are including fever (%1.9), sore throat & cough (%1.4) and rhinorrhea (%1). Case fatality rate of H1N1 was %6.5, (p value=0.007).

Conclusions: H1N1 positive cases are found during epidemic 2009. Patients had minimum symptom of the disease at presentation. Only %2.17 of patients intubated and mechanically ventilated. The death rate was only %6.5. Crowded sectors inside big city may be regarded as a risk factor for disease transmission.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

- Vladimir T, Hossein K, Raul R. Geographic Dependence, Surveil- lance, and Origins of the 2009Influenza A (H1N1) Virus. N Eng J Med. 2009; 361; 2: 115-9.

- Al-Muharrami Z. Understanding the Influenza A H1N1 2009 Pan- demic. SQU MED J. 2010;10(2):187-95.

- Al-Lawati J, Al-Tamtami N, Al-Qasmi A, Al-Jardani A, Al-Abri S, Al Busaidy S. Hospitalized patients with Influenza A (H1N1) in the Royal Hospital, Oman.SQU MED J. 2010;10(3):326-34.

- Ali A, Sidgi S. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 To vaccinate or not to vac- cinate? SQU MED J. 2009;9(3):224-9.

- Kim M, Song W, Jung J, Kwon J, Kim T, Lee S, et al. Clinical Course Of Asthma Patients With H1N1 Influenza Infection, AJRCCM. 2011;183(1):.123-8.

- Namendys S, Rivero S, Dominguez C. Acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(6):857-63.

- Mohammed O, Kosar M, Ali M, Ahmed S, Aumaid U. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of H1N1 infection in Sulaimani during the global pandemic in 2010. Merit Res J Med Med Sci. 2013;1(5): 60-5.

- Jung JA, An HS, Choi EJ, Yun HJ, Kim JH. Clinical Features Of Respiratory Viral Infections During 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Epidemic Period, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183;(4):918-22.

- Abdullah B. The Struggle Against Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009. SQU MED J. 2009; 9(3):257-60.

- Mauad T, Hajjar LA, Callegari GD, da Silva LF, Schout D, Galas FR, et al. Lung pathology in fatal novel human influenza A (H1N1) infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;181(1):72-9.

- Patarroyo GD, Patarroyo MM, Prad AC, Simbaqueba CA. Ini- tial Clinical Presentation Of Patients With Confirmed 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Compared With Patients With Common Cold .Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:(2)619-22.

- Patarroyo GD, Patarroyo MM, Prada AC, Sanabria OO. Clinical Presentation Of patients With Confirmed Diagnosis of 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit In Bogota, Co- lombia, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181;(2)620-2.

- Corral J, Aquilia S, Miglioranza C, Hualde M, Corral G, Rosati M, et al. Multi centric Study Of Hospitalized Patients Affected By H1N1 Influenza In Mar Del Plata, Argentina, During The June To August 2009 Period, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181;(2):616-8.

- Kharma N, Gerstein R, Kumar A, Sharma S. Chest Radiographic And Ct Findings In Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011:183;(4)820-4.

- Nikhanj NS, Lam J, Ngab T, Tennant R, Sircar A, Shahedi K. Se- vere Pandemic H1N1 2009 Infection Requiring Intensive Care: A Case Series, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010:181; (2)219-21.

- Fadl MH, Guzman J. ARDs Secondary to Influenza; Single Center Analysis of Outcomes of the 2009 H1N1Pandemic versus the 2010- 2011 Seasonal Influenza, Am J Respir Crit CareMed. 2012:185; A1654- 8.