Effect of Smoking on Hearing Impairment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56056/amj.2018.34Keywords:
Audiogram, Hearing loss, High frequency, SmokingAbstract
Background and objectives: Some clinical studies have suggested that cigarette smoking may be associated with hearing loss. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between smoking and hearing loss and to characterize the type of hearing loss found in smokers.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on 100 cases aged between 20-50 years, 70 cases were smokers and 30 were non-smokers. All the participants were examined by an Otoscope, a Tuning Fork, Tympanometry and Pure Tune air conduction and bone conduction Audiogram. Audiogram results were analyzed and hearing loss was defined as hearing threshold greater than 25 dB HL at one or more of frequencies (0.25,0.5, 1, 2,4 and 8 kHz). The type, severity and involved frequencies of hearing loss were analyzed based on the pure tone average.
Results: The number of cases with hearing loss was 26 cases, 22 of them were smokers and 4 were non-smokers. Smoking significantly increased the risk of hearing loss (p value = 0.04). Smokers were 2.3 times more likely to have hearing impairment as non-smoker. High frequency sensorineural hearing loss was the predominant type among smokers and the severity ranged from mild to severe, mild loss was the most common. The severity of hearing loss was affected significantly by the intensity and the duration of smoking.
Conclusions: Cigarette smoking affects the hearing ability after exclusions of most possible factors including noise exposure. It increases the risk of hearing impairment with increasing age in a dose related manner.
Downloads
References
Zir E, Doumit M, Chahine R. Nicotine Addiction and Hearing Loss in Young Subjects From Beirut, Lebanon. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2016 December; 5(4):e31522. doi: 10.5812/ijhrba.31522.
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am CollCardiol. 2004 May 19;43(10):1731-7
Margaritopoulos GA, Vasarmidi E, Jacob J et al. Smoking and in- terstitial lung diseases.EurRespir Rev. 2015 Sep;24(137):428-35. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0050-2015
Agudo A, Bonet C, Travier N et al. Impact of cigarette smoking on cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. J ClinOncol. 2012 Dec 20;30(36):4550-7. doi: 10.1200/ JCO.2011.41.0183. Epub 2012 Nov 19
Siegelaub AB, Friedman GD, Adour K et al. Hearing loss in adults: relation to age, sex, exposure to loud noise and cigarette smoking. Arch Environ Health. 1974;29:107-9.
Nakanishi N, Okamoto M, Nakamura K et al. Cigarette smoking and risk for hearing impairment: a longitudinal study in Japanese male Office workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42(11):1045-9.
Agrawal Y, Platz EA, Niparko JK. Revalence of hearing loss and dif- ferences by demographic characteristics among US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004. Arch Intern Med 2008 Jul 28; 168:1522–1530.doi: 10.1001/archinte. 168. 14. 1522 PMID:18663164
Chang J, Ryou N, Jun HJ et al. Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Pas- sive Smoking on Hearing Impairment: Data from a Population–Based Study. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146608. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146608
Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE et al. Cigarette Smoking and Hearing Loss: The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. JAMA. 1998;279 (21): 1715-1719. doi:10.1001/jama.279.21.1715
Paschoal CP, Azevedo MF. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for auditory problems. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol.2009;75(6):893-902.
Nomura K, Nakao M, Morimoto T. The effect of smoking on the hearing loss: the quality assessment and meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine. 2005; 40:138-14.
Fransen E, Topsakal V, Hendrickx J-J, et al. Occupational noise, smoking, and a high body mass index are the risk factors for the age-related hearing impairment and moderate alcohol consumption is protective: A European population-based multicenter study. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2008; 9(3): 264–76.
Brant LJ, Gordon-Salant S, Pearson JD. et al. Risk factors related to age-associated hearing loss in the speech frequencies. J Am Acad Audiol.1996;7:152-160.
Prabhu P, Varma G, Dutta KK et al. Influence of Smoking on Ul- tra-High-Frequency Auditory Sensitivity. J IntAdvOtol 2017; 13(1): 110- 2 • DOI: 10.5152/iao.2017.3412
Hawkins JE. The role of vasoconstriction in noise-induced hearing loss. Ann Otolaryngol. 1971;80:903-13.
Browning G, Gatehouse S, Lowe G. Blood viscosity as a factor in sensorineural hearing impairment. Lancet. 1986;327:121–123. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)92261-0.
Lowe G, Drummond M, Forbes C et al. The effects of age and cig- arette-smoking on blood and plasma viscosity in men. Scott Med J. 1980;25:13.
Noorhassim I, Rampal KG. Multiplicative Effect of Smoking and Age on Hearing Impairment. Am J Otology. 1998;19(4):240-3.
Gleeson M, Browning GG, Burton MJ etal.Age related sensorineural hearing impairment. InBaguley DM, Reid E, McCombe A, editors. Scott- Brown’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 7Ed,London, Hodder Arnold, 2008,pp3544
Lalwani AK. Audiologic Testing. In Sweetow RW, Sabes JH, editors. Current diagnosis and treatment Otolaryngology Head and Neck Sur- gery, 3Ed, McGraw Hill, 2012, pp618
Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund VJ etal.Diagnotic Audiology. InKileny PR, Zwolan TA, editors. Cummings Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 6Ed, Canada, Elsevier Saunders, 2015,pp 2052
Sharabi Y, Haran IR, Burstein M et al. Cigarette Smoking and Hearing Loss: Lessons from the Young Adult Periodic Examinations in Israel (YAPEIS) Database. IMAJ 2002;4:1118-1120
Kumar A, Gulati R, Singhal S et al. The Effect of Smoking on the Hearing Status –A Hospital Based Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2013;7(2): 210-214. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/4968.2730
Sumit AF, Das A, Sharmin Z et al. Cigarette Smoking Causes Hear- ing Impairment among Bangladeshi Population. PLoS ONE 2015; 10(3): e0118960. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0118960
Dawes P, Cruickshanks KJ, Moore DR etal.Cigarette Smoking, Passive Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Hearing Loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2014 Aug;15(4):663-74. doi: 10.1007/s10162-014-0461-0. Epub 2014 May 28
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Rozhin Shaheen Saber, Said Mustafa Said Al Jaff
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright on any article published in AMJ (The Scientific Journal of Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialties )is retained by the author(s) in agreement with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
