Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56056/amj.2019.91Keywords:
Congenital brain anomaly, Congenital diseases, Encephalocele, Folic acid, Hydrocephalus, Microcephalus, Neural tube defectAbstract
Background and objectives: Encephalocele is a rare neural tube birth defect. Aim of this study was to find the risk factors and associated anomalies of patients with encephalocele, and its outcomes.
Methods: We used a case-series study for 30 patients with encephalocele who were admitted to Shahid Dr. Aso Hospital from January 2017 to July 2018. The patients’ clinical features and computed tomography findings were recorded and their outcomes classified into death, cerebral palsy, delayed milestones, and good.
Results: The genders of the patients were 11 (36.7%) male and 19 (63.3%) female with a female: male ratio of 1.7:1. There were significant associations between the site of the skull defect with microcephalus, seizure, and outcome and statistically significant association between the content of the sac and family history. The content of the sac was mostly mixed brain and cerebrospinal fluid (56.7%). The size of the sac was significantly associated with family history and hydrocephalus and all of encephaloceles were located in the midline mostly at occipital and occipito-cervical region. The outcomes were death (10%), poor (10%), delayed milestones (23.3%), and 56.7% good. There was also statistically significant association between outcome and other brain abnormality and microcephalus.
Conclusions: Encephalocele was located in midline mostly at occipito-cervical region, the size of its sac is associated with hydrocephalus, the content was mixed brain and CSF, and its site was associated with seizure. Moreover, content and size of the sac was significantly associated with family history of neural tube defect.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Nawzhin Jange Jalyzada, Ari Sami Hussain Nadhim, Nabaz Muhamad Mustafa
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