Prevalence of Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Erbil Cardiac Center: comparing ST-elevation with non ST-elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Background and objectives: Acute coronary syndrome is the leading cause of death all over the world, there are many different risk factors as important etiology for this acute condition, this syndrome has been studied in different countries with a variety of results.  

The aim was to define different risk factors for the patients admitted to Erbil cardiac center and to find out the most common of these factors and the relationship between different clinical types of this syndrome (namely ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina) with varying types of risk factors. 

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive nonrandomized study that included 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome, mean age of 57.5, the age range of 27—90 years, the majority of patients were male (78%), all patients were interviewed and investigated properly, and according to coronary angiographic findings treated by percutaneous coronary intervention or surgery. 

Results: The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome was significantly higher in male gender, the commonest risk factor was overweight and obesity 77% , followed in reduced frequency by other risk factors, More than half of patients(58.6%)with ST-elevation myocardial infarction were?55years age, while 66.7% of patients with non ST-elevation myocardial infarction were >55years age. The most common artery involved was the left anterior descending artery, significant number 26.2% of non ST- elevation myocardial infarction/UA patients had three vessel stenosis and higher number34.5% of ST- elevation myocardial infarction patients had right coronary artery stenosis. 

Conclusions: The most common risk factor was overweight and obesity, no significant relation between clinical types and risk factors, low number of unstable angina cases seen in the emergency unit.