Mucocutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics age groups

Authors

  • Nina Jutiar Noory dermatology trainee, Shahid Jabar dermatological teaching center, Sulaimani Directorate of Health, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  • Mohammed Yousef Saeed Jaff Assistant Professor of dermatology , Department of Medicine , University of Sulaimani ,Sulaimaniyah, iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56056/amj.2024.281

Keywords:

COVID-19 infection, Mucocutaneous manifestations, Pediatrics age groups

Abstract

Background and objectives: It is known that the COVID-19 virus can induce a wide range of mucocutaneous symptoms. This study's main goal is to describe the variety of cutaneous symptoms caused by COVID-19 in the pediatric age category. 

Methods: This is a retrospective case series study of pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Sulaimaniyah city from September 2021 to March 2022. Moderate to severe Covid-19 infection was a factor in the patients' admissions. The patient’s complete medical history was reviewed, which should include their age, gender, and any mucocutaneous manifestations, as well as their past medical history, family history. 

Results: Three hundred twenty three cases of COVID-19 infection were enrolled in this study, 36 of them had skin manifestations. There were 56% female and 44% males. Their ages ranged from zero to 13 years. Skin manifestations were 13 patients (36%) had erythematomaculopapular rash, 8 patients (22%) had vesicular lesions, 7 patients (19%) had chilblain, 6 patients (17%) had urticaria and 2 patients (6%) had erythema multiforme. Overall 41 patients had Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), 11 patients had cutaneous manifestations (6 patients had erythematomaculopapular rash, 5 patients had vesicular rash), and 6 patients had mucosal lesions (4 patients had conjunctivitis, 2 patients had oral lesions). 

Conclusions: We found that despite pulmonary and other systemic manifestation also corona virus infection can cause many mucocutaneoues manifestation in pediatrics age groups.However, further studies with larger samples size and longer duration is recommended. 

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Nawaz MS, Fournier P, Shojaee A, Fujita H. Using artificial intelligence techniques for COVID-19 genome analysis. Appl Intell. 2021; 51(5):3086–103. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02193-w/

Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clin Immunol. 2020; 215(108427):108427. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S152166162030262X/

Shah S, Akhade K, Ganguly S, Nanda R, Mohapatra E, Goel AK. Cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 in children: A systematic review. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021; 10(1):93–101. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/Fulltext/

Karia R, Gupta I, Khandait H, Yadav A, Yadav A. COVID-19 and its modes of transmission. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2(10):1798–801. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s42399-020-00498-4/

Li C, Zhao C, Bao J, Tang B, Wang Y, Gu B. Laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Clin Chim Acta. 2020;510:35–46. Available from: https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898120303090/

Larenas- D, Luna- J, Navarrete- EM, Rodríguez-N, Arias-A, Blandón-MV, et al. Cutaneous manifestations related to COVID-19 immune dysregulation in the pediatric age group. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2021;21(2):13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00986-6/

Seirafianpour F, Sodagar S, Pour A, Panahi P, Mozafarpoor S, Almasi S, et al. Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13986. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.13986/

Alramthan A, Aldaraji W. Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020;45(6):746–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32302422/

Romaní J, Baselga E, Mitjà O, Riera- N, Garbayo P, Vicente A, et al. Chilblain and acral purpuric lesions in Spain during covid confinement: Retrospective analysis of 12 cases. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111(5):426–9. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adengl.2020.04.010/

Andina D, Noguera- L, Bascuas- M, Gaitero- J, Alonso- JA, Escalada- S, et al. Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37(3):406–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/pde.14215/

Garcia- G, Linares- L, Ródenas-Herranz T, Ruiz-Villaverde R. Chilblain-like lesions in pediatrics dermatological outpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak. Dermatol Ther. 2020 ;33(5):e13516. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ dth.13516/

Mohan V, Lind R. Chilblains in COVID-19 infection. Cureus. 2020;12(7):e9245. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9245/

Sodeifian F, Mushtaq S, Rezaei N. Cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19: What have we learned an year into the pandemic Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2021 Nov 27. doi: 10.1016/ j.adengl.2021.11.033. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34866636; PMCID: PMC8626141.

Morey-Olivé M, Espiau M, Mercadal-Hally M, Lera-Carballo E, García-Patos V. Cutaneous manifestations in the current pandemic of coronavirus infection disease (COVID 2019). An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2020;92(6):374-375. doi: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32341944; PMCID: PMC7183933.

Galván Casas C, Català A, Carretero Hernández G, Rodríguez-Jiménez P, Fernández-Nieto D, Rodríguez-Villa Lario A, et al. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases. Br J Dermatol . 2020;183(1):71–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32348545/

Niu M, Jiang Q, Cao Y, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li D et al. Tocilizumab in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC)summarized experiences, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.2023;37(4):e443-e446.

Alhetheli G.Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients: literature review. Int J Res Dermatol2021; 7:314-20.

Gunawan C, Angela A, Widysanto A. Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(8):e372–3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16622/

Abasaeed Elhag SA, Ibrahim H, Abdelhadi S. Angioedema and urticaria in a COVID-19 patient: A case report and review of the literature. JAAD Case Rep. 2020;6(10):1091–4. Available from: https://www.jaadcasereports.org/article/S2352-5126(20)30553-1/pdf/

Lavery MJ, Bouvier CA, Thompson B. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children (and adults): A virus that does not discriminate. Clin Dermatol. 2021;39(2):323–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.10.020/

Alshiyab DM, Al-qarqaz FA, Alhaje E, Mayou JA, Jaradat S, Asaad A,et al. Skin Manifestations Among Patients Admitted with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study at a University-Based Tertiary Hospital in Jordan. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:1331-1340 https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S408958/

Welsh EC, Alfaro Sanchez AB, Ortega Gutiérrez GL, Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Cuellar-Barboza A, Valdes-Espinosa RA et al. COVID-19 dermatological manifestations: results from the Mexican Academy of Dermatology COVID-19 registry. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60(7):879-881. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15544. Epub 2021 Apr 14. PMID: 33855708; PMCID: PMC8250812.

Kohli U, Lodha R. Cardiac involvement in children with COVID-19. Indian Pediatr. 2020;57(10):936–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-020-1998-0/

Shams S, Rathore SS, Anvekar P, Sondhi M, Kancherla N, Tousif S, et al. Maculopapular skin eruptions associated with Covid-19: A systematic review. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34(2):e14788. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.14788/

Najafinejad M, Cheraghali F, Aghcheli B, Rajabi A, Barati L, Naziri H, et al. COVID-19 in pediatrics: Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of infected patients with SARS-CoV-2. Front Pediatr. 2021; 9:808187.

Polly S, Fernandez A. Common skin signs of COVID-19 in adults: An update. Clevel. Clin. J. Med.2022, 89 (3) 161-7; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.89a.21126/

Agarwal A, Das A, Panda M, Goyal J, Dash M. Cutaneous manifestations of covid-19 in pediatric population: A web based comparative study between the perspectives of dermatologists and pediatricians. Cosmoderma. 2022;2(39):39. Available from: https://cosmoderma.org/cutaneous-manifestations-of-covid-19-in-pediatricpopulation-a-web- based-comparative-study-between-the-perspectives-of-dermatologistsand-pediatricians/

Sawicka B, Aslan I, Della Corte V, Periasamy A, Krishnamurthy SK, Mohammed A et al. The coronavirus global pandemic and its impacts on society. Coronavirus Drug Discovery. 2022;(1)267–311. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85156-5.00037-7. Epub 2022 Jun 10. PMCID: PMC9217716.

Mohammed GF, Al-Dhubaibi MS, Atef L. Cutaneous Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019: Skin Narratives and Dialogues. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2022;15(5):E77-E81. PMID: 35642227; PMCID: PMC9122281.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-09

How to Cite

Noory, N. J. ., & Jaff, M. Y. S. (2024). Mucocutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics age groups. AMJ (Advanced Medical Journal) , 9(3), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.56056/amj.2024.281

Issue

Section

Articles