Serum Visfatin Level Among Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Relation to Insulin Resistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56056/amj.2025.383Keywords:
Cardiovascular disorders, Insulin resistance, Subclinical hypothyroidism, Serum VisfatinAbstract
Background and Objectives: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a disorganization of the thyroid gland determined by normal free T4 and T3 with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone. The patients with subclinical hypothyroidism are asymptomatic, it can only be diagnosed through laboratory tests. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism ranged from (4.6 to 16.7%) worldwide. The current study intended to evaluate the level of serum visfatin among patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and it is relation to insulin resistance in opposition to in good health control.
Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional study on January 2023 among 160 participants, 80 newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism and 80 healthy personnel as control group. Subclinical hypothyroid individuals were recruited from patients attending Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit in Azadi Teaching Hospital, 80 healthy personnel were picked from relatives and neighbors. Blood samples were collected from both groups for serum (TSH, T4, T3, sugar, insulin, visfatin). Comparison of results were compared.
Results: There was no notable distinction between mean serum visfatin level in subclinical hypothyroidism patients (39.78±11.64) and controls (39.82±10.02).No notable differences were detected in the mean between subclinical hypothyroidism patients with TSH less than (10 microIU/ml) and those with TSH more than (10 microIU/ml) as follows:(p =0.869), insulin(p=0.214), FBS (p=0.811), and HOMA-IR (p=0.511).The mean of visfatin patients with normal HOMA-IR was (37.89) , compared with 40.29 of patients with high HOMA-IR, but the distinction was not of particular note (p=0.454).
Conclusion: There was no particularly notable change of mean serum visfatin level in Subclinical hypothyroid patients, contrary to healthy individuals.
Downloads
References
1. Cooper DS. Subclinical hypothyroidism. N Eng J Med. 2001;345(4):260–5.
2. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(4):526–34.
3. Vanderpump MPJ, Tunbrldge WMG, French Jm, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty?year follow?up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1995;43(1):55–68.
4. Peeters RP. Subclinical hypothyroidism. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;376(26):2556–65.
5. Somwaru LL, Rariy CM, Arnold AM, Cappola AR. The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(6):1962–9.
6. Collet TH, Gussekloo J, Bauer DC, den Elzen WPJ, Cappola AR, Balmer P, et al. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(10):799–809.
7. Huber G, Staub JJ, Meier C, Mitrache C, Guglielmetti M, Huber P, et al. Prospective study of the spontaneous course of subclinical hypothyroidism: prognostic value of thyrotropin, thyroid reserve, and thyroid antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(7):3221–6.
8. Pilz S, Mangge H, Obermayer-Pietsch B, März W. Visfatin/pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor: a protein with various suggested functions. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007; 30:138–44.
9. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001;409(6818):307–12.
10. Fukuhara A, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Segawa K, Tanaka M, Kishimoto K, et al. Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin. 2005;318(565):426–30.
11. Biagetti B, Aulinas A, Casteras A, Perez-Hoyos S, Simo R. HOMA-IR in acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary. 2021; 24:146–58.
12. Seong J, Kang JY, Sun JS, Kim KW. Hypothalamic inflammation and obesity: a mechanistic review. Arch Pharm Res. 2019; 42:383–92.
13. Nolan CJ, Prentki M. Insulin resistance and insulin hypersecretion in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Time for a conceptual framework shift. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2019;16(2):118–27.
14. Brown JC, Harhay MO, Harhay MN. The value of anthropometric measures in nutrition and metabolism: comment on anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue and blood-based biomarkers: a cross-sectional analysis. Nutr Metab Insights. 2019; 12:1178638819831712.
15. Maratou E, Hadjidakis DJ, Kollias A, Tsegka K, Peppa M, Alevizaki M, et al. Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(5):785–90.
16. Yaylali FG, Turgut S, Akin F, Ozkan S, Tural M, Tunc Ata M, et al. Visfatin levels in subclinical hypothyroidism. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2016; 22:11–4.
17. Suleiman RR, Salih SF, Abdullah BI, Ibrahim IH, Saeed ZA. Triglyceride glucose index, its modified indices, and triglyceride HDL-C ratio as predictor markers of insulin resistance in prediabetic individuals. Med. J. Babylon. 2023;20(2):268.
18. Safo AS. Correlation between Non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the degree of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med J Babylon. 2018;15(2):169–73.
19. Salih sf. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in duhok. DMJ. 2015;9(2).
20. Marras V, Casini MR, Pilia S, Carta D, Civolani P, Porcu M, et al. Thyroid function in obese children and adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr. 2010;73(3):193–7.
21. Dekelbab BH, Abou Ouf HA, Jain I. Prevalence of elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in obese children and adolescents. Endocrine Practice. 2010;16(2):187–90.
22. Miyakawa M, Tsushima T, Murakami H, Isozaki O, Takano K. Serum leptin levels and bioelectrical impedance assessment of body composition in patients with Graves’ disease and hypothyroidism. Endocr J. 1999;46(5):665–73.
23. JIG H. Serum TSH, T (4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87:489–99.
24. Brabant G, Beck-Peccoz P, Jarzab B, Laurberg P, Orgiazzi J, Szabolcs I, et al. Is there a need to redefine the upper normal limit of TSH Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(5):633–7.
25. Cooper DS. Subclinical thyroid disease: a clinician’s perspective. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129(2):135–8.
26. Hoogendoorn EH, Hermus AR, De Veg TF, Ross HA, Verbeek AL, Kiemeney LA, et al. Thyroid function and prevalence of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies in a population with borderline sufficient iodine intake: influences of age and sex. Clin Chem. 2006;52(1):104–11.
27. Ebrahimpour A, Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Moein S. Direct correlation between serum homocysteine level and insulin resistance index in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: Does subclinical hypothyroidism increase the risk of diabetes and cardio vascular disease together? Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018 Nov;12(6):863-867.
28. Rehman K, Akash MSH, Alina Z. Leptin: a new therapeutic target for treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Cell Biochem. 2018;119(7):5016–27.
29. Walczak K, Sieminska L. Obesity and thyroid axis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9434.
30. Nishi M. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases. Diabetol Int. 2018;9(2):108–12.
31. Guzel S, Seven A, Guzel EC, Buyuk B, Celebi A, Aydemir B. Visfatin, leptin, and TNF-?: interrelated adipokines in insulin-resistant clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Endocr Res. 2013;38(3):184–94.
32. Toft AD. Subclinical hyperthyroidism. N Eng J Med. 2001;345(7):512–6.
33. Fidan Yaylali G, Turgut S, Akin F, Ozkan S, Tural M, Tunc Ata M, et al. Visfatin levels in subclinical hypothyroidism. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2016; 22:11–4.
34. Shaker O, El-Shehaby A, Zakaria A, Mostafa N, Talaat S, Katsiki N, et al. Plasma visfatin and retinol binding protein-4 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relationship to adiposity and fatty liver. Clin Biochem. 2011;44(17–18):1457–63.
35. Sell H, Laurencikiene J, Taube A, Eckardt K, Cramer A, Horrighs A, et al. Chemerin is a novel adipocyte-derived factor inducing insulin resistance in primary human skeletal muscle cells. Diabetes. 2009;58(12):2731–40.
36. Wittamer V, Franssen JD, Vulcano M, Mirjolet JF, Le Poul E, Migeotte I, et al. Specific recruitment of antigen-presenting cells by chemerin, a novel processed ligand from human inflammatory fluids. J Exp Med. 2003;198(7):977–85.
37. Sawicka K, Michalska-Jakubus M, Potembska E, Kowal M, Pietrzak A, Krasowska D. Visfatin and chemerin levels correspond with inflammation and might reflect the bridge between metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2019 Oct; 36(5): 551–565.
38. Adeghate E. Visfatin: structure, function and relation to diabetes mellitus and other dysfunctions. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(18):1851–62.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Lolav Mohammad Ebraheem, Sherwan Ferman Salih, Dhia Mustafa Sulaiman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright on any article published in AMJ (The Scientific Journal of Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialties )is retained by the author(s) in agreement with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
