Incidence Rate, Associated Risk Factor and Perinatal Outcome of Preeclampsia at Maternity Teaching Hospital

Aisha Mohammed  Othman; Shahla Kareem  Alalaf; Zhiyan Suwar  Ismael

doi:10.56056/

Authors

Aisha Mohammed Othman M.B.Ch.B, Obstetrics and Gynecology at KHCMS, Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil
Shahla Kareem Alalaf M.B.Ch.B, clinical MD in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology department at medical college -Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Zhiyan Suwar Ismael M.B.Ch.B, Obstetrics and gynecology, Fellow of the Iraqi commission for Medical Specialization

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56056/

Keywords:

Incidence, Preeclampsia, Risk factors

Abstract

Background and objectives Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication with a significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence rate, associated risk factors and perinatal outcome of women with preeclampsia delivered in a tertiary maternity hospital.

Methodology: In the labor ward of Maternity Teaching hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq a case control design was used to determine the risk variables and perinatal outcomes, and a cross-sectional design was used to estimate the incidence rate, from 1^st of January, to 31^st of December, 2023 on a sample of 218 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 440 pregnant women without preeclampsia was selected as controls. Associated risk factor and perinatal outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

Results: Incidence rate of preeclampsia was (1.1%). Increased age (30% of cases vs. 12% of controls were ≥ 35 years), smoking (11.9% of cases vs. 0% of controls), preterm gestational age (3.2% of cases vs. 0% of controls), grand-multiparity (6.4% of cases vs. 3.2% of controls), multiple gestations (34.9% of cases vs. 24.1% of controls), previous preeclampsia (12.4% vs. 2.3%) were significantly related to preeclampsia (p<0.050). The common adverse outcomes of pregnant women with preeclampsia were fetal congenital anomalies (6.4%), elective cesarean section (46.8%), low Apgar scores at 1 (23.4%) & 5 (8.3%) minutes and early neonatal death (19.3%) (<0.001).

Conclusions: The study identifies common risk factors for preeclampsia, including advanced maternal age and smoking, and emphasizes routine blood pressure monitoring and management for high-risk pregnancies.

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